Notation

Ways to record pitches and durations

Notation ​

Ways to record pitches and durations

1. Note Names:
2. Do-Re-Mi (Solfège),
3. ABC (Letter notation),
4. Sargam (Sa-Re-Ga-Ma),
5. Numbered notation
6. Forms of Musical Notation:
7. Neumes,
8. Musical staff / stave
9. Guido of Arezzo ~ 1000 AD
10. ...
11. John Cage
12. Tablature,
13. Cents, ABC notation, Klavar, Dodeka, custom graphic notation, Parsons code (*rud)
14. Piano roll

4.1 What is a Note? The Seven Core Notes ​

1. A note is a single point in a continuous space of sound frequencies.
2. It designates pitch, duration, and performance order.
3. Music uses sets of notes.
4. Everyone knows the 7 primary notes:
5. Analogous to the 7 primary colors of the rainbow
6. Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti (Si)
7. The same note can be represented in different ways.
8. Different regions of the world independently developed their own notation systems:
9. Ancient Babylon
10. Ancient Egypt
11. Ancient Greece -> Byzantium
12. China

4.2 Notation Methods: History and Evolution ​

1. Ancient Greece
2. The Middle Ages — Neumes
3. Znamenny chant
4. Diastematic neumes
5. Square notation
6. Mensural notation
7. Guido of Arezzo
8. Square notation
9. Solfège
10. Solmization
11. Guidonian hand
12. John Cage

4.3 The Staff. Pitch Spelling. Clefs. Accidentals ​

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight-reading - Prima vista performance — sight-reading.

1. Music literacy
2. Musical staff
3. Treble clef — indicates G4 (G of the small octave in Russian nomenclature)
4. Bass clef — indicates F3 (F of the small octave)
5. Alto clef — indicates C4 (Middle C)
6. Seven notes
7. Accidentals
8. Sharp
9. Flat
10. Natural
11. Enharmonic equivalence
12. There are 12 notes in total, not just 7
13. Durations https://www.ibiblio.org/guruguha/MusicResearchLibrary/Books-English/BkE-GehrkensKW-Music%20Notation&Terminology-0027.pdf

4.4 Modern Forms of Musical Notation ​

Letter notation Guido of Arezzo Notes evolved from neumes created for vocalists

Tablature ​

More practical for instrumentalists

Bilinear notation ​

Chromatic staff ​

Klavarskribo ​

Dodeka ​

Parsons Code ​

Numbered Notation ​

17th century — Franciscan monk Jean-Jacques Souhaitty Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his booklet Dissertation on Modern Music (1743) In the first half of the 19th century, developed through the efforts of Pierre Galin, Émile Chevé, and Aimé Paris. It became known as the "Galin-Paris-Chevé system" after its creators. The "Galin-Paris-Chevé system" relied on three core principles:

1. Major scale degrees were written as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; minor scale degrees as 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
2. Raised and lowered degrees were indicated with slashed numbers, e.g., 2\ and 2/;
3. Key signature was designated by a special marker at the start of the score; for example, "Key of F" indicated "F major key." Paved the way for relative solmization systems. Spread widely across Europe in the 19th century. Interestingly, starting in the 1860s, solfège based on the "Galin-Paris-Chevé" system was actively used in St. Petersburg's Free Music School and the Free Choral Classes of the Moscow Branch of the Russian Musical Society (RMS). School songbooks and pedagogical manuals were published in both five-line staff notation and numbered notation. As printed sheet music spread across Europe, the relevance of numbered notation declined, fading almost entirely by the late 19th century. During the same period, interest in numbered notation spiked in East Asian countries seeking to rapidly integrate into global cultural and musical processes. Jianpu — simplified notation

ABC Notation ​

Piano Roll ​

MIDI ​

Scientific Pitch Notation ​

American Standard Pitch Notation System

4.5 Color-Coded Note Systems and Stickers ​

• First note — A
• Tuning fork
• 440 Hz
• First color — Red
• Note A is color-coded Red
• 12 notes — 12 colors
• Color note chart
• Color note circle
• Pitch chroma scale / ruler